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In order to evaluate the possibility of tracing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) derived from calcite dissolution under open system conditions, controlled laboratory experiments using stable carbon isotopes were conducted in a specially designed reaction chamber with constant pH monitoring. The system design also allowed us to measure the forward and backward (degassing) gas transfer reactions rates...
Zonal tillage (e.g. ridge tillage, RT) separates management of row and inter-row positions, while non-zonal tillage (e.g. chisel plough, CP) applies management uniformly across a field. This may have large effects on soil hydrothermal properties, affecting soil processes and crop development. We examined the effects of RT versus CP on soil hydrothermal conditions under maize (Zea mays L.) at four...
We study the time-course evolution of Al fractions and species in the solid and liquid phases of soils developed over spoil materials rich in sulfides, situated in the mine dump of As Pontes (NW Spain), over a twenty-year period. Three plots (CSA, CSP and P206), subjected to different reclamation practices, were monitored. Plot P206 was established by selecting spoil materials, trying to avoid pyrite...
Temperature has a large impact on soil biogeochemical functioning. While this is well recognised there is a lack of data on the variability of soil temperature at the hillslope and catchment scale. Here we examine soil temperature for a series of nested catchments in the east of New South Wales, Australia over a twelve year period. Temperature characteristics between the three catchments were shown...
Molybdenum (Mo) and phosphorus (P) limitation and co-limitation of asymbiotic dinitrogen (N2) fixation has been reported in many ecosystems, from tropical to boreal. However, the mechanisms leading to these limitations remain elusive. In cold temperate forests Mo and P limitation of asymbiotic N2 fixation has been observed in gymnosperm litter but not in angiosperm litter suggesting an important role...
At Earth's surface, bedrock transforms to regolith in a process that has many implications for water storage, soil formation, and nutrient availability to ecosystems. To understand deep regolith formation, we investigate three zones demarcating changes in mineralogy, chemistry and Fe isotopic composition in a 4-m thick regolith profile developed at a ridge top in Pennsylvania (U.S.A.) that is underlain...
Black carbon (BC) is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass and emissions are influenced by human activities. Due to its refractory nature and long half-life times, BC contributes to carbon sequestration in soils. Here, we investigated BC concentrations and storage in peatlands of the Changbai Mountains (Northeast China) and reconstructed historical trends of deposition fluxes...
The presented study deals with the distribution of mercury (Hg) binding forms, water-soluble Hg fraction and bioaccessible Hg fraction in the urban soil of Idrija, where the world's second largest Hg mine is situated. Mercury had been extracted for 500years, leaving behind a legacy of highly contaminated soils and aqueous ecosystems.The soil was sampled at two different depths (0–10cm and 10–20cm)...
The accelerated erosion that occurs after wildfire in forest ecosystems is a major factor affecting the sustainability of these environments. Soil erosion prediction models are crucial for estimating fire impacts and for planning post-fire soil stabilization measures. We evaluated the performance of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment...
Soil profiles in mountain peatlands commonly show complex stratigraphy with both underlying and interbedded mineral sediments. The presence and types of mineral sediments may affect nutrient gradients via the vertical and horizontal movements of groundwater, which further influences biogeochemical processes, especially for deeper peat adjacent to mineral sediments. To study influences of stratified...
Soil salinity is a global threat to agricultural production and necessitates the monitoring thereof. Saline conditions in South African irrigation schemes generally occur in small patches (some only a few metres in diameter) and this study, which forms part of a Water Research Commission (WRC) project, evaluates the use of very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery, in particular those produced...
Trace elements As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb in soils originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and intense anthropogenic activity can lead to excessive trace element levels, which are harmful to the environment. We investigated the trace elements in the topsoil of Changchun, China, using stochastic models and the indicator kriging method. The influence of anthropogenic and natural variables...
Soil system is the key part of the Earth system that control the hydrological cycle, the biological cycle and the geochemical cycles, and improved management of abandoned agricultural soils can improve soil carbon, nutrient, water, and biota. Therefore it is essential to restore degraded abandoned lands. We analyzed the status of a soil 5 and 11years after shrub revegetation using two species (Atriplex...
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